The Social Development Model
Printer-friendly versionA recent example of a community-based approach is the Social Development Model, which is a 'risk-focused prevention strategy based on the concepts of risk and protective factors'. It is based on the premise that young people who develop healthy beliefs and clear standards (protective factors) are less likely to break those norms by engaging in health-compromising behaviours. It emphasises the protective factor of bonding, and describes three conditions that must be present in any social unit for people to become bonded:
- opportunities for active involvement;
- skills for participation in those activities;
- recognition and reinforcement for skilful performance.1
The proponents of the Social Development Model argue that conditions must be created for bonding in families, neighbourhoods, schools and youth clubs in order to counter the attractions of illicit drugs and other problem behaviours.
One example of the Social Development Model in action is Communities that Care.2 It aims to mobilise communities to reduce risk factors and enhance protective factors in their local areas. It places particular emphasis on people in communities working together across old disciplinary boundaries, across agencies, across organisations and across groups.
References
- Lehman J, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF. Reducing risks and protecting our youths: a community mission. Corrections Today 1994; 56 (5): 92-100.
- Hawkins JD, Catalano RF et al. Communities that care. Jossey Boss Publishing, 1993.